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天津橋梁伸縮縫施工不容忽視,如何避免缺陷?

瀏覽量: 37868 發(fā)表時(shí)間:2020-07-13

在橋梁工程中,要求伸縮縫在平行、垂直于橋梁軸線的兩個(gè)方向,均能自由伸縮,牢固可靠,車輛行駛過時(shí)應(yīng)平順、無突跳與噪聲;要能防止雨水和垃圾泥土滲入阻塞;安裝、檢查、養(yǎng)護(hù)、消除污物都要簡(jiǎn)易方便。

橋梁伸縮縫的作用

由于橋梁處于室外,在動(dòng)荷、溫度、混凝土的收縮和徐變作用下,梁體產(chǎn)生位移,位移過大時(shí)就會(huì)影響行車舒適和安全。為了調(diào)節(jié)橋梁上部結(jié)構(gòu)之間的位移和聯(lián)接,需設(shè)置伸縮縫。但是設(shè)計(jì)不當(dāng),安裝質(zhì)量低劣,和缺乏科學(xué)的及時(shí)養(yǎng)護(hù),伸縮縫處就會(huì)跳車,這是目前國(guó)內(nèi)常見的病害,并且越來越突出。橋梁伸縮縫處出現(xiàn)破壞、下沉、錯(cuò)臺(tái),在車倆通過時(shí)對(duì)橋梁產(chǎn)生跳動(dòng)沖擊,產(chǎn)生附加荷載,影響行車舒適性,嚴(yán)重時(shí)產(chǎn)生安全事故。為了消除臺(tái)階、跳車等現(xiàn)象,我國(guó)已經(jīng)采用許多行之有效的辦法,其中橋梁伸縮縫的安裝是一項(xiàng)極為重要的項(xiàng)目,施工缺陷是不容忽視的。

用什么樣的方法安裝橋梁伸縮縫能即“省事”又“結(jié)實(shí)”呢?現(xiàn)在分享幾個(gè)小竅門!可以事半功倍哦!

一、認(rèn)真分析橋梁伸縮縫設(shè)計(jì)圖紙,確定橋梁伸縮縫的型號(hào)、伸縮量、鋼筋間距、安裝槽寬度深度,根據(jù)圖紙要求,預(yù)埋固定鋼筋和伸縮縫安裝槽口。

二、在安裝伸縮縫之前要清理干凈橋梁伸縮縫安裝槽口,以免混凝土粘結(jié)不結(jié)實(shí),出現(xiàn)裂縫。整理安裝槽口,使之達(dá)到設(shè)計(jì)寬度和深度

三、測(cè)試安裝實(shí)際溫度,根據(jù)實(shí)際溫度調(diào)整橋梁伸縮縫縫寬。(這點(diǎn)很重要,也是很容易忽略的一步!)

橋梁伸縮縫施工不容忽視,如何避免缺陷?

四、伸縮縫吊入預(yù)留槽后,其中心線應(yīng)與梁端預(yù)留間隙中心線對(duì)正,其長(zhǎng)度與橋梁寬度對(duì)正。對(duì)伸縮縫直線段進(jìn)行調(diào)整,并使各縱梁的縫隙均勻一致。對(duì)伸縮縫高度調(diào)整與路面平齊,或是略低于路面1-2mm,切記不能高于路面水平面。

五、伸縮縫與預(yù)埋鋼筋之間要連接結(jié)實(shí),充分焊接。

六、伸縮縫混凝土標(biāo)號(hào)要按標(biāo)準(zhǔn)使用,要振搗充分,以免裂縫。

七、將伸縮縫膠條安裝在伸縮縫槽口內(nèi),以免伸縮縫漏水或是進(jìn)入雜物。

八、橋梁伸縮縫安裝好后不要急于通車,按正規(guī)流程養(yǎng)護(hù),養(yǎng)護(hù)期過后再通車。

1.2橋梁伸縮縫分為以下五大類:

鋼制支承式、組合剪切式(板式)、模數(shù)支承式、對(duì)接式及無縫式伸縮縫。

保養(yǎng)橋梁伸縮縫有哪些內(nèi)容?

橋梁伸縮縫的后期維護(hù)保養(yǎng)也是延長(zhǎng)橋梁伸縮縫使用壽命的重要措施,那么保養(yǎng)橋梁伸縮縫有哪些內(nèi)容?下面老給大家介紹一下。

打掃橋梁伸縮縫條中的積壓泥沙、石屑等雜物,避免伸縮安裝受力時(shí)影響伸縮自在和大石子等物將橋梁伸縮縫膠條而形成漏水景象,一經(jīng)發(fā)現(xiàn),應(yīng)實(shí)理解更換膠條。

保養(yǎng)橋梁伸縮縫有哪些內(nèi)容?

查看反省邊梁與橋面鋪裝銜接處能否有損壞、裂痕呈現(xiàn),形成滲漏景象,一經(jīng)發(fā)現(xiàn)應(yīng)實(shí)時(shí)修補(bǔ),以免影響伸縮安裝與梁、板間錨固強(qiáng)度。

查看伸縮安裝頂面能否平坦,如呈現(xiàn)異常不服景象時(shí),應(yīng)進(jìn)一步反省滑動(dòng)承壓支座或滑動(dòng)壓緊支座能否有損壞,若有損壞時(shí)應(yīng)實(shí)時(shí)改換。

在日常養(yǎng)護(hù)時(shí)發(fā)現(xiàn)伸縮安裝各縫間呈現(xiàn)過大的不平均位移時(shí),可以實(shí)時(shí)反省位移節(jié)制系統(tǒng)構(gòu)件能否損壞,如發(fā)現(xiàn)有零部件損壞時(shí),也應(yīng)實(shí)時(shí)進(jìn)行改換,因采用的是規(guī)范構(gòu)件,改換便利。

橋梁伸縮安裝屬于鋼構(gòu)造,雖然出廠前經(jīng)由較好防護(hù)處置,但因?yàn)樵獾竭\(yùn)用的情況影響,經(jīng)由一段運(yùn)用期后,發(fā)生銹蝕屬于正常景象,這時(shí)養(yǎng)護(hù)部分應(yīng)按期從新進(jìn)行防銹處置,以確保橋梁伸縮縫運(yùn)用的長(zhǎng)久性。

橋梁伸縮縫的施工技術(shù)

2.1 施工準(zhǔn)備

在施工前,熟悉相關(guān)施工圖紙和伸縮縫安裝操作規(guī)程,檢查異型邊梁的平整度、順直度和縫體間隙;根據(jù)工程的實(shí)際情況須配備足夠的機(jī)械設(shè)備、小型機(jī)具,而且跳板須質(zhì)量堅(jiān)固以使過往的施工車輛能順利通過,同時(shí)配齊配足防止污染路面的帆布、塑料布和養(yǎng)護(hù)用的塑料薄膜、草苫子等,以保證施工順利進(jìn)行。

2.2 切縫

在施工前根據(jù)施工設(shè)計(jì)圖紙放樣,使用切割機(jī)據(jù)縫,注意對(duì)據(jù)縫線以外路面的保護(hù),防止污染,并保證切縫切口完好。

2.3 開槽

用風(fēng)鎬開槽,應(yīng)將槽內(nèi)混凝土及雜物清除干凈,尤其是梁端間隙內(nèi)的雜物,并理順、調(diào)直槽內(nèi)預(yù)埋筋,如發(fā)現(xiàn)預(yù)埋筋數(shù)量不足,應(yīng)打膨脹螺栓,補(bǔ)足預(yù)埋鋼筋,并請(qǐng)業(yè)主代表、監(jiān)理人員共同驗(yàn)收、確保伸縮縫的質(zhì)量。

2.4 安裝

2.4.1伸縮裝置安裝前,檢查伸縮縫預(yù)埋筋的錨固寬度。一般按50cm設(shè)置為宜,橋臺(tái)上易采用背墻的寬度為宜,這樣即加強(qiáng)伸縮縫裝置的穩(wěn)定,又方便了橋面板的施工;用高壓水槍清除伸縮縫槽內(nèi)雜物,并檢查其是否干凈,對(duì)型鋼進(jìn)行平整度檢查,在安裝過程中,檢測(cè)伸縮縫型鋼順直度及平整度,平整度控制在2mm以內(nèi),順直度控制在3mm以內(nèi),頂面與路面高差控制在2mm以內(nèi)。

2.4.2安裝固定時(shí),用龍門吊架和10*10的角鋼作定位角鋼,伸縮縫的中心線與梁端中心線相重合,伸縮縫頂面比瀝青混凝土路面的標(biāo)高要低(1~2mm).在臨時(shí)進(jìn)行固定隔點(diǎn)焊之前,對(duì)標(biāo)高與直線度調(diào)整到符合設(shè)計(jì)要求后方可進(jìn)行,固定時(shí)按伸縮縫邊梁的錨固裝置與預(yù)留槽的預(yù)埋筋從橋?qū)捯粋?cè)向另一側(cè)依次每隔2-3錨固筋焊一個(gè)焊點(diǎn),為保證伸縮縫不發(fā)生變位,從兩側(cè)對(duì)稱施焊,嚴(yán)禁從一端平移施焊。

2.4.3固定后對(duì)伸縮縫的標(biāo)高再?gòu)?fù)測(cè)一遍,確認(rèn)沒有出現(xiàn)變形、偏差后,把錨固鋼筋與預(yù)埋鋼筋在兩側(cè)同時(shí)焊牢,一次全部焊牢,如焊時(shí)不好施工時(shí),可先一側(cè)焊,再焊另一側(cè)。當(dāng)單側(cè)焊工作量大時(shí)間長(zhǎng)時(shí),且溫差變化影響大,可在單側(cè)焊好后,再焊接另一側(cè)左、中、右部位進(jìn)行錨固,同時(shí)對(duì)另側(cè)其他各錨桿加以焊接,注意焊點(diǎn)與型鋼的距離,確保型鋼不變形。為了防止出現(xiàn)跳車現(xiàn)象,根據(jù)規(guī)范要求型鋼平整度要控制在0-2mm范圍內(nèi),伸縮縫焊接牢固后,要去掉臨時(shí)固定卡具、定位角鋼等,使其自由伸縮。

2.4.4模板安裝,模板一般采用泡沫板,纖維板、薄鐵皮等,且安裝須牢固嚴(yán)密,確保在混凝土振搗時(shí)不出現(xiàn)移動(dòng),防止砂漿流入縫內(nèi),影響伸縮縫的使用。在兩測(cè)低于路面標(biāo)高3mm鋼筋網(wǎng)。

2.5 澆筑混凝土

澆筑前,應(yīng)將縫兩測(cè)鋪上塑料布,以避免混凝土污染路面。混凝土的坍落度應(yīng)﹤2cm,為減小水灰比,提高早期強(qiáng)度,可摻入外加劑,減少混凝土表面收縮,混凝土振搗密實(shí)后,用抹板搓出水泥漿,分4至5次抹壓平整為止。嚴(yán)格控制混凝土表面平整度,使其與伸縮縫裝置的頂面平齊。

2.6 養(yǎng)生

在水泥混凝土初凝前,用毛刷拉毛,覆蓋塑料布、麻袋等,灑水養(yǎng)生,要經(jīng)常保持混凝土表面濕潤(rùn),養(yǎng)生期不少于7天,間期嚴(yán)禁車輛通行,強(qiáng)度達(dá)到設(shè)計(jì)強(qiáng)度50%以上后方可安裝橡膠密封條。http://www.ivew.cn/



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